— 生理適應 · HARD · SATA —
護理師指導慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人飲食調整，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about managing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which dietary adjustments should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- ALimit protein intake✓ 正解限制蛋白質攝取
- BIncrease potassium intake增加鉀攝取
- CMonitor phosphorus intake✓ 正解監測磷攝取
- DRestrict sodium intake✓ 正解限制鈉攝取
- EIncrease daily fluid intake增加每日水分攝取
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
慢性腎臟病因腎絲球過濾率下降，需限制造成代謝廢物積累的物質。限制蛋白質可減少尿素氮生成；限制磷攝取可避免高磷血症導致的副甲狀腺亢進；限制鈉以控制高血壓與水腫。鉀離子在腎功能差時易堆積，故需限制而非增加。
Because the glomerular filtration rate is reduced in chronic kidney disease, substances that lead to accumulation of metabolic waste must be restricted. Limiting protein decreases urea nitrogen production; restricting phosphorus prevents the hyperphosphatemia that drives hyperparathyroidism; restricting sodium controls hypertension and edema. Potassium tends to accumulate when renal function is impaired and therefore must be restricted, not increased.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國有專科腎臟病營養師（RD）指導；台灣多由護理師與醫師衛教，營養師資源視醫療院所而定。