護理師照顧一位第一型糖尿病病人，其意識不清且血糖值為 45 mg/dL。在靜脈注射 50% 葡萄糖（D50）後，最重要的護理措施為何？
A nurse is caring for a client with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus who is unresponsive and has a blood glucose of 45 mg/dL. After administering 50% dextrose (D50) IV, what is the most important nursing intervention?
- ADocument the event and the client's response紀錄該事件及病人的反應
- BOffer the client a complex carbohydrate and protein snack once awake✓ 正解待病人清醒後，提供複合性碳水化合物與蛋白質點心
- CCheck the client's blood glucose level again in 15 minutes15 分鐘後重新測量病人的血糖值
- DTeach the client about rotating injection sites教導病人關於注射部位的輪替
低血糖急救遵循「15-15 原則」。對於意識不清者，使用靜脈 D50 是標準做法。然而，D50 是單醣，雖然能快速提升血糖，但維持時間短，容易導致反應性低血糖或血糖再次快速下降。核心概念是：一旦病人清醒且能吞嚥，必須立即給予複合碳水化合物（如餅乾、麵包）和蛋白質（如牛奶、起司），以提供持續的能量來源穩定血糖。這題考驗的是「急性期後防止復發」的臨床思路。選項 C（15 分鐘後回測）是標準流程的一部分，但若不補充長效能量，血糖仍會掉。選項 D 屬於穩定後的長期教育，非當下最重要。
Hypoglycemia emergencies follow the 15-15 rule. For unconscious clients, IV D50 is the standard intervention. However, D50 is a simple sugar that raises blood glucose quickly but for a short duration, which can lead to rebound hypoglycemia or a rapid drop in blood glucose. The key concept is that once the client is alert and able to swallow, a complex carbohydrate (such as crackers or bread) plus a protein (such as milk or cheese) should be provided to supply a sustained source of energy and stabilize blood glucose. This item tests the clinical reasoning of preventing recurrence after the acute phase. Option C (rechecking blood glucose after 15 minutes) is part of the standard protocol, but without a long-acting energy source the blood glucose may still drop again. Option D is long-term education to be done once the client is stable, so it is not the most important immediate action.
美國護理實務中，低血糖處理通常有嚴格的 Standing Orders，護理師不需等醫師就能給 D50 並接著給餐；台灣則多需先抽血糖、通報住院醫師，即便有 protocol，護理師在執行補餐時也常需確認病人進食能力。