一位護理師照護恐慌發作的病人。下列哪項措施優先級最高？

恐慌發作（Panic attack）是一種突發性的強烈恐懼感，伴隨一系列生理和心理症狀，使病人感覺失去控制。核心概念是護理師在病人處於極度焦慮狀態時，應採取何種措施來確保其安全並緩解症狀。 正確答案 C 是最高優先的介入措施。在恐慌發作期間，病人的認知功能會顯著下降，難以處理複雜的資訊。使用簡短、清晰、簡單的句子（Short, simple sentences）可以幫助病人理解並遵循指示。同時，護理師的陪伴（Stay with the client）能提供安全感，讓病人感覺不孤單，並能及時觀察和應對其狀況的變化。這是基於「安全第一」的原則。 選項 B 錯誤，在病人處於恐慌發作的尖峰期，其認知能力不足以進行深入的自我探索或分析恐懼的根源。這些技巧（如認知行為療法 CBT 的一部分）應在病人情緒較穩定後再進行。選項 A 錯誤，雖然給予鎮靜藥物（sedative medication）可能是處置的一部分，但它不是最高優先的「護理」措施。護理師應先嘗試非藥物的介入，如陪伴和簡單溝通。給藥需要醫囑，且有潛在副作用，不能取代基本的護理陪伴。選項 D 錯誤，教導深呼吸技巧（deep breathing techniques）是緩解焦慮的有效方法，但對於正處於極度恐慌、難以集中注意力的病人來說，可能難以立即執行。應先提供支持與安全感，待病人稍微平靜後再引導。

A panic attack is a sudden, intense surge of fear accompanied by a constellation of physical and psychological symptoms, leaving the patient feeling out of control. The core concept tests what action the nurse should take to ensure safety and relieve symptoms while the patient is in a state of extreme anxiety. The correct answer, C, is the highest-priority intervention. During a panic attack, cognitive function is markedly diminished, and the patient has difficulty processing complex information. Using short, clear, simple sentences helps the patient understand and follow direction. At the same time, staying with the client provides a sense of safety, prevents the patient from feeling alone, and allows the nurse to monitor and respond promptly to changes in condition. This is grounded in the 'safety first' principle. Option B is incorrect because at the peak of a panic attack the patient's cognitive capacity is insufficient for in-depth self-exploration or analysis of the source of fear. Such techniques, drawn from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), are appropriate only after the patient's emotional state has stabilized. Option A is incorrect because, although a sedative medication may be part of management, it is not the highest-priority nursing action; the nurse should first attempt non-pharmacologic interventions such as presence and simple communication. Medication administration requires an order and has potential side effects and cannot replace the basic nursing presence. Option D is incorrect because teaching deep breathing techniques, while an effective method for reducing anxiety, can be difficult to perform during an extreme panic attack when the patient cannot focus; support and reassurance should come first, and breathing techniques can be introduced once the patient has calmed somewhat.