— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些病人應被安排在具有負壓通風的單人房中？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following clients should be assigned to a private room with negative pressure ventilation? (Select all that apply.)
- AA client with disseminated herpes zoster✓ 正解患有播散性帶狀疱疹的病人
- BA client with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)患有耐甲氧西林金黃色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的病人
- CA client with rubeola (measles)✓ 正解患有麻疹（rubeola）的病人
- DA client with seasonal influenza患有季節性流感的病人
- EA client with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis✓ 正解疑似患有肺結核的病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
負壓病房（空氣隔離）適用於經空氣傳播的疾病：肺結核（E）、麻疹（C）與瀰漫性皮蛇（A）。MRSA（B）僅需接觸隔離，一般病房即可。流行性感冒（D）主要經飛沫傳染，需採取飛沫隔離（佩戴外科口罩），不強制要求負壓環境。
Negative-pressure (airborne) isolation is indicated for diseases transmitted by airborne particles: pulmonary tuberculosis (E), measles (C), and disseminated herpes zoster (A). MRSA (B) only requires contact precautions in a standard room. Seasonal influenza (D) is spread by droplets, requiring a surgical mask and droplet precautions but not negative pressure.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國法規對負壓房的換氣次數（ACH）有嚴格要求；台灣因土地狹小，負壓病房數量常在疫情期間顯得吃緊。