— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位糖尿病病人血糖為 45 mg/dL。護理師應採取的第一個行動為何？
A patient with diabetes mellitus is noted to have a blood glucose level of 45 mg/dL. Which action should the nurse take first?
- AAdminister 15 grams of rapid-acting carbohydrates✓ 正解给予15克速效碳水化合物
- BCheck the blood glucose again in 30 minutes30分钟后再次检查血糖
- CAdminister a subcutaneous insulin dose给予皮下胰岛素剂量
- DCall the physician呼叫医师
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血糖（< 70 mg/dL）的標準處理程序為立即給予 15 克快速吸收的碳水化合物（如 4-6 盎司果汁）。這可快速提升血糖。隨後 15 分鐘重新測量，若未改善則重複步驟。給予胰島素會讓血糖更低，通知醫師是後續非第一時間行動。
The standard management of hypoglycemia (less than 70 mg/dL) is to administer 15 grams of rapidly absorbed carbohydrates (such as 4-6 ounces of juice) immediately, which quickly raises blood glucose. Blood glucose is then rechecked in 15 minutes and the step repeated if it has not improved. Administering insulin would worsen the hypoglycemia, and notifying the physician is a later action rather than the first step.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國有明確的 Hypoglycemia Protocol，護理師可直接執行給糖處置；台灣部分單位仍需口頭醫囑，但緊急時通常依護理常規執行。