— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位肝性腦病變病人。護理計畫應包含哪些措施?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is caring for a client with hepatic encephalopathy. Which interventions should be included in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister lactulose as prescribed✓ 正解依醫囑給予乳果糖
- BMonitor serum ammonia levels✓ 正解監測血清氨濃度
- CEncourage a high-protein diet鼓勵高蛋白飲食
- DAssess for asterixis (flapping tremors)✓ 正解評估是否有撲翼樣震顫(flapping tremors)
- ERestrict fluid intake to 500 mL/day將液體攝取限制為每日 500 mL
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肝性腦病變(hepatic encephalopathy)是肝功能嚴重受損(如肝硬化)的併發症,其核心概念是肝臟無法有效代謝和解毒體內的有毒物質,特別是氨(ammonia),導致這些毒素積聚並影響腦部功能,引起一系列神經精神症狀。護理計畫的目標是降低血氨水平、監測病人神經學狀態並預防併發症。護理師需要密切觀察病人的精神狀態、行為改變和神經學徵象,並執行醫囑以降低氨水平,確保病人安全。
Interventions for hepatic encephalopathy include administering lactulose to reduce ammonia absorption, monitoring serum ammonia levels, and assessing for asterixis as a sign of neurological deterioration. These actions help manage toxin buildup and monitor the client's mental status effectively.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國實務中 Lactulose 的劑量常調整至每日 2-3 次軟便;台灣臨床亦同,但護理師需特別觀察意識狀態改變。