護理師採取下列哪些行動展現了對 HIPAA 隱私規範的理解？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrate an understanding of HIPAA privacy regulations? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiscussing the client's lab results in the elevator在電梯中討論病人的檢驗結果
- BLogging off the computer terminal after accessing records✓ 正解存取病歷後登出電腦終端機
- CSharing passwords with colleagues to save time與同事共用密碼以節省時間
- DTurning the monitor screen away from public view✓ 正解將監視器螢幕轉向以避免公眾視線
- EVerifying the identity of the person calling for information✓ 正解核實索取資訊來電者的身份
健康保險隱私與責任法案（HIPAA）的核心在於保護病人的個人健康資訊（PHI），防止非授權者存取。護理師必須確保在任何臨床情境下，資訊傳遞皆符合隱私規範。正確行為包括保護數位紀錄安全、物理環境隔離與身份核實；反之，討論病人資訊或共用密碼均會嚴重違反隱私規範，並可能導致法律責任與機構處分。臨床實務中，應隨時保持警覺，遵循最小權限原則。
The core of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is the protection of protected health information (PHI) and prevention of unauthorized access. The nurse must ensure that information is transmitted in compliance with privacy standards in every clinical situation. Correct behaviors include safeguarding the security of digital records, ensuring physical environment separation, and verifying identity; conversely, discussing client information openly or sharing passwords seriously violates privacy regulations and may result in legal liability and institutional sanctions. In clinical practice, vigilance must be maintained at all times and the principle of minimum necessary access followed.
美國醫療機構對 HIPAA 的執行極為嚴格，違規可能導致護理師立即被解僱並面臨法律訴訟。台灣雖有個人資料保護法，但臨床環境中電腦共用帳號或公共區域討論資訊的狀況較為常見，赴美執業需特別強化此意識。