護理師評估一位疑似遭受虐待的病人，哪些發現是可能的指標？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a client for signs of abuse. Which findings are considered indicators of potential abuse? (Select all that apply.)
- AMultiple bruises in different stages of healing✓ 正解多個處於不同癒合階段的瘀青
- BInjuries that are inconsistent with the provided explanation✓ 正解傷勢與提供的解釋不一致
- CPatient appears frightened of their caregiver✓ 正解病人看起來害怕其照顧者
- DA single minor scrape on the knee膝蓋上有一處輕微擦傷
- EDelay in seeking medical attention for a significant injury✓ 正解對嚴重傷害延遲就醫
虐待評估的臨床指標通常呈現在「不一致性」與「行為反應」上。當病人身上出現不同癒合階段的瘀青，暗示受傷非單一事件；受傷原因與身體檢查發現不符（Inconsistent explanation），則是虐待的強烈警訊。此外，病人表現出對照顧者的恐懼、或延遲就醫（Delay in seeking care）以掩蓋傷害，均是護理師必須高度懷疑並進行進一步評估的關鍵跡象。
Clinical indicators of abuse are usually reflected in inconsistencies and behavioral responses. Bruises in various stages of healing on a client suggest that injuries did not result from a single event; injuries that are inconsistent with the reported history (inconsistent explanation) are a strong warning sign of abuse. In addition, the client appearing frightened of the caregiver or delays in seeking medical care to conceal injuries are key indicators the nurse must view with high suspicion and assess further.
在美國，護理師有法律責任（Mandatory Reporter）針對疑似虐待案例進行通報。護理師不需要「確診」虐待，只要在評估中發現合理懷疑（Reasonable suspicion），即有義務向社會工作部或相關當局報告。