護理師照護一位患有阿茲海默症且有日落症候群的病人。哪些干預措施是合適的？（選所有適合的）
The nurse is caring for a client with Alzheimer's disease who is experiencing sundowning. Which interventions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- AOpen the blinds during the day to provide natural light✓ 正解白天拉開窗簾以提供自然光
- BLimit the client's physical activity in the afternoon限制病人下午的身體活動
- CProvide a quiet, calm environment in the evening✓ 正解在傍晚提供安靜、平靜的環境
- DUse a nightlight in the client's room✓ 正解在病人房間使用夜燈
- ESchedule complex tasks and therapies late in the day在一天晚些時候安排複雜任務和治療
日落症候群（Sundowning）是阿茲海默症（Alzheimer's disease）或其他類型失智症（dementia）病人常見的行為模式，特指在傍晚或夜間，病人會出現困惑、焦慮、激動、遊走或幻覺等症狀加劇的情況。這種現象被認為與病人的晝夜節律（circadian rhythm）紊亂、環境光線變化、疲勞或過度刺激有關。護理師的目標是透過環境管理和行為干預來降低這些症狀的發生頻率和嚴重程度，提升病人的舒適度和安全性。 正確答案 A、C、D 都是有效的干預措施。白天打開百葉窗提供自然光（Open the blinds during the day to provide natural light）有助於維持正常的晝夜節律，幫助病人區分白天和黑夜。傍晚提供安靜、平靜的環境（Provide a quiet, calm environment in the evening）可以減少刺激，避免加劇混亂和激動。在房間使用夜燈（Use a nightlight in the client's room）能幫助病人在夜間辨識環境，減少因黑暗和方向感喪失而引起的焦慮或跌倒風險。這些措施共同作用，旨在穩定病人的作息，減少誘發日落症候群的因素，從而提升病人的生活品質。
Sundowning is a common behavioral pattern in patients with Alzheimer's disease or other types of dementia, characterized by worsening confusion, anxiety, agitation, wandering, or hallucinations in the evening or at night. This phenomenon is believed to be related to disruption of the circadian rhythm, changes in environmental lighting, fatigue, or overstimulation. The nurse's goal is to reduce the frequency and severity of these symptoms through environmental management and behavioral interventions, enhancing the patient's comfort and safety. The correct answers A, C, and D are all effective interventions. Opening the blinds during the day to provide natural light helps maintain a normal circadian rhythm, helping the patient distinguish between day and night. Providing a quiet, calm environment in the evening reduces stimulation and prevents exacerbation of confusion and agitation. Using a nightlight in the client's room helps the patient identify their surroundings at night, reducing anxiety or fall risk caused by darkness and disorientation. These measures work together to stabilize the patient's routine and reduce the triggers of sundowning, thereby improving the patient's quality of life.