— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位廣泛性焦慮症且正在發作恐慌症的個案，應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with Generalized Anxiety Disorder who is experiencing a panic attack. Which interventions should the nurse include in the care plan? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a calm, quiet, and non-stimulating environment✓ 正解維持安靜、無刺激的平靜環境
- BStay with the client and offer calm, short sentences✓ 正解陪伴病人並提供冷靜、簡短的語句
- CEncourage the client to explore the root cause of the anxiety immediately鼓勵病人立即探索焦慮的根本原因
- DUse deep breathing exercises to help the client focus✓ 正解使用深呼吸練習幫助病人集中注意力
- EAdminister anxiolytic medication as prescribed✓ 正解依醫囑給予抗焦慮藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
恐慌發作時個案認知功能下降，護理措施應以「減輕刺激」及「保持安全」為核心。選項 A、B、D、E 皆為實證基礎護理，能有效降低個案生理興奮。選項 C 為錯誤，個案處於恐慌極點時缺乏邏輯分析能力，應先緩解生理焦慮再處理心理因素。
Interventions should focus on reducing sensory stimulation and providing a sense of safety through a calm presence, deep breathing exercises, and prescribed anxiolytics. Exploring the root cause of anxiety is inappropriate during a panic attack, as cognitive processing is impaired and the priority is physiological stabilization.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常依 PRN 醫囑給予抗焦慮藥物；台灣對於精神藥物給藥較為保守，通常需醫師評估後給藥。