一位 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案，表現出呼吸急促與頭暈。護理師首要採取的介入措施為何？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with rapid breathing and lightheadedness. Which intervention is the priority for the nurse?
- AAdminister a PRN dose of lorazepam給予處方劑量的勞拉西泮（PRN）
- BSpeak in a calm, low-pitched voice✓ 正解以平靜、低沉的語調說話
- CInstruct the client to breathe into a paper bag指示個案對著紙袋呼吸
- DDeep palpation to identify abdominal pain深度觸診以確認腹部疼痛
面對焦慮發作病人，穩定環境與護理師的冷靜態度最重要。低沉穩定的聲音能幫助個案降低恐慌與情緒波動。過去常用的紙袋呼吸法因可能導致嚴重缺氧已不再推薦使用；藥物為後續手段，優先建立治療性關係；腹部觸診無助於急性焦慮緩解。
When facing a client with an anxiety attack, stabilizing the environment and the nurse's own calm demeanor are most important. A low-pitched, steady voice helps decrease panic and emotional fluctuations. Paper-bag breathing, once commonly used, is no longer recommended because it can cause severe hypoxia. Medication is a secondary measure; establishing a therapeutic relationship comes first. Abdominal palpation does not help relieve acute anxiety.
台美均強調非藥物介入，但在美國護理師常直接運用呼吸訓練；台灣臨床多傾向先給予鎮靜藥物以節省護理時數。