護理師正在進行心理狀態檢查（MSE）。此項評估通常包含哪些組成部分？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is conducting a mental status examination. Which components are typically included in this assessment? (Select all that apply.)
- AAppearance and behavior✓ 正解外觀與行為
- BCurrent medications and dosages目前使用的藥物與劑量
- CThought process and content✓ 正解思維過程與內容
- DMood and affect✓ 正解情緒與情感
- EJudgment and insight✓ 正解判斷力與洞察力
心理狀態檢查（Mental Status Examination, MSE）是評估病人當下心理功能的結構化工具。它包含五大核心領域：1. 外觀與行為（Appearance/Behavior）；2. 語言與溝通；3. 情緒與情感（Mood/Affect）；4. 思考過程與內容（Thought process/content）；5. 認知功能（含定向力、記憶力、判斷力 Judgment 與病識感 Insight）。選項 B 雖然是重要的護理評估內容（藥物史），但不屬於 MSE 這個特定工具的範疇，而是屬於整體的護理史或精神科評估。臨床思路上，護理師必須區分「狀態評估（MSE）」與「背景資料收集」，MSE 重視的是此時此刻（here and now）的觀察。
The Mental Status Examination (MSE) is a structured tool for evaluating a patient's current psychological functioning. It contains five core domains: 1) appearance and behavior; 2) speech and communication; 3) mood and affect; 4) thought process and content; and 5) cognitive function (including orientation, memory, judgment, and insight). Although option B (current medications) is an important nursing assessment, medication history belongs to the overall nursing or psychiatric history rather than to the specific structured framework of the MSE. Clinically, the nurse must distinguish between 'status assessment' (MSE) and 'background data collection'; the MSE focuses on observations of the patient here and now.
美國護理師在入院評估中必須詳細記錄 MSE 並轉化為護理診斷；台灣護理紀錄中雖然也有這些項目，但有時會與生理系統評估混在一起，較少將 MSE 作為一個獨立的專業報告格式來呈現。