護理師為有跌倒病史的病人規劃護理，應包含哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is planning care for a client who has a history of falls. Which interventions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the bed in the lowest position✓ 正解將病床保持在最低位置
- BPlace the client in a room near the nursing station✓ 正解將病人安置在靠近護理站的房間
- CApply physical restraints to keep the client in bed使用身體約束帶使病人留在床上
- DEnsure the call light is within the client's reach✓ 正解確保呼叫鈴在病人可觸及之處
- EInstruct the client to call for assistance before getting up✓ 正解指導病人在起身前先呼叫協助
預防跌倒的標準預防措施包含物理環境調整與認知教育。床位降低與靠近護理站可增加監視頻率，呼叫鈴與協助要求則是病人自主安全的關鍵。使用約束（C）必須有嚴格的醫療指徵與醫師醫囑，因其可能增加躁動與跌倒風險，不可作為常規預防手段。
Standard fall prevention measures include physical environmental modifications and cognitive education. Lowering the bed and locating the client near the nursing station increase observation frequency, while the call light and requesting assistance are key to the client's autonomous safety. The use of restraints (C) requires strict medical indications and a provider's order, as restraints may increase agitation and the risk of falls and therefore must not serve as a routine preventive measure.
美國醫院對於約束（Restraints）使用標準非常嚴格，而台灣常因家屬要求預防跌倒而傾向使用約束，需特別注意。