化學物質噴濺入眼睛後，應採取的行動為何？
Which action should be taken after an accidental splash of chemicals into the eyes?
- AApply an eye bandage immediately立即覆蓋眼部繃帶
- BSeek help only if vision is blurred僅在視力模糊時尋求協助
- CRub the eyes vigorously用力揉眼睛
- DFlush with water for at least 15 minutes以清水沖洗至少 15 分鐘正確答案
- D以清水沖洗至少 15 分鐘
核心概念：化學物質噴濺入眼睛是緊急醫療情況，可能導致嚴重的眼部損傷，甚至失明。立即且正確的處理是減輕傷害的關鍵。 為何正確答案對：選項 D 指出「用水沖洗至少 15 分鐘」。這是處理化學性眼部灼傷的標準急救措施。持續、大量的沖洗能稀釋並移除殘留在眼睛內的化學物質，防止其進一步侵蝕角膜或眼內組織。沖洗的時間長度（至少 15 分鐘）是為了確保化學物質被充分清除。 為何其他選項錯： C. 「用力揉眼睛」（Rub the eyes vigorously）會加劇化學物質對眼球表面的磨損和損傷，並可能將化學物質帶入更深層組織，應絕對避免。 A. 「立即戴上眼部繃帶」（Apply an eye bandage immediately）可能將化學物質封鎖在眼睛內，使其持續作用，延誤了關鍵的沖洗步驟，反而會造成更大傷害。 B. 「僅在視力模糊時尋求幫助」是危險且錯誤的想法。即使視力暫時正常，化學物質仍可能對眼部結構造成潛在損害，必須立即尋求醫療協助並進行沖洗。任何化學物噴濺眼部的事件都應視為緊急狀況。 臨床推理（Emergency / Safety / First Aid）：面對化學性眼部灼傷，時間就是眼角膜。護理師必須立即採取行動，以「沖洗」為首要任務，同時確保沖洗時間足夠長，並盡快尋求專業醫療協助。
- A立即覆蓋眼部繃帶
立即覆蓋眼部繃帶會將化學物質封鎖在眼內，延誤沖洗並加劇傷害，應避免。
- B僅在視力模糊時尋求協助
即使視力暫時正常，化學物質仍可能造成潛在損害，任何化學物噴濺眼部的事件都應立即沖洗並尋求醫療協助。
- C用力揉眼睛
用力揉眼睛會加劇化學物質對眼球的損害，並可能將其帶入更深層，應絕對避免。
- D · 正確答案以清水沖洗至少 15 分鐘
持續用清水或生理食鹽水沖洗眼睛至少 15 分鐘，是稀釋並移除化學物質、減輕眼部損傷的標準急救措施。
化學物質噴濺入眼睛的緊急處理原則，美國和台灣大致相同：立即用大量清水或生理食鹽水持續沖洗、避免揉眼睛，並盡快尋求醫療協助。美國標準是至少沖洗 15 分鐘；台灣環境部化學物質管理署手冊建議由眼角內側向外側大量沖洗 10 至 15 分鐘以上，作答時以美國標準為準。 台灣出處：環境部化學物質管理署〈住家殺蟲劑使用手冊〉（2017）
English explanation
Core concept: Chemical splash to the eye is a medical emergency that may cause severe ocular injury and even blindness. Prompt and correct management is critical to limit injury. Why the correct answer is correct: Option D states to flush with water for at least 15 minutes. This is the standard first-aid measure for chemical ocular burns. Continuous, copious irrigation dilutes and removes residual chemical from the eye, preventing further damage to the cornea or intraocular tissues. The duration (at least 15 minutes) ensures the chemical is sufficiently cleared. Why the other options are incorrect: C. Rubbing the eyes vigorously aggravates abrasion of the ocular surface, may drive the chemical deeper into tissues, and must absolutely be avoided. A. Applying an eye bandage immediately may trap the chemical in the eye, allowing continued exposure and delaying the critical irrigation step, thus worsening injury. B. Seeking help only if vision is blurred is dangerous and incorrect. Even if vision is temporarily normal, the chemical may still cause underlying damage to ocular structures, and immediate medical help and irrigation are required. Any chemical splash to the eye must be considered an emergency. Clinical reasoning (Emergency/Safety/First Aid): For chemical ocular burns, time is corneal tissue. The nurse must act immediately, prioritize irrigation, ensure adequate duration of flushing, and obtain professional medical assistance as quickly as possible.
最近修訂：2026-10-05