— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照顧一位第一型糖尿病病人。哪些臨床表現提示該病人出現糖尿病酮酸中毒(DKA)?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes. Which clinical manifestation suggests diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? (Select all that apply.)
- AKussmaul respirations✓ 正解庫斯莫爾氏呼吸(Kussmaul respirations)
- BFruity breath odor✓ 正解呼氣帶有水果味
- CSerum glucose < 70 mg/dL血清葡萄糖 < 70 mg/dL
- DMetabolic alkalosis代謝性鹼中毒
- EKetones in the urine✓ 正解尿酮體
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
DKA 的典型徵象包括代償性深快呼吸(Kussmaul)、酮體堆積造成的爛蘋果味氣息(Fruity breath)以及尿中酮體陽性。DKA 為代謝性酸中毒而非鹼中毒;血糖通常遠高於 250 mg/dL,低血糖非 DKA 特徵。
Classic findings in DKA include Kussmaul respirations (compensatory deep, rapid breathing), a fruity breath odor caused by ketone accumulation, and a positive urine ketone test. DKA produces metabolic acidosis rather than alkalosis, and blood glucose is typically well above 250 mg/dL; hypoglycemia is not a feature of DKA.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美兩地對 DKA 的緊急處理流程相似,均強調胰島素給予及水分補充,護理師需監測血鉀變化。