— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位高血鉀病人。護理師應預期哪些優先處置？
A nurse is caring for a client with hyperkalemia. Which priority intervention should the nurse anticipate?
- AAdminister IV insulin and glucose✓ 正解給予靜脈注射胰島素和葡萄糖
- BAdminister oral potassium supplements給予口服鉀補充劑
- CAdminister potassium-sparing diuretics給予保鉀利尿劑
- DProvide a high-fiber diet提供高纖維飲食
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血鉀（Hyperkalemia）會導致心肌去極化障礙，嚴重時會引發心室顫動或心搏停止，屬於致命性電解質異常。急性處理的首要策略是將鉀離子快速移入細胞內。靜脈給予胰島素（Insulin）與葡萄糖（Glucose）的組合是臨床首選：胰島素促使鉀離子進入細胞，葡萄糖則用來預防胰島素導致的低血糖，效果迅速且明確。
Hyperkalemia disrupts myocardial depolarization, and in severe cases can precipitate ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest, making it a lethal electrolyte abnormality. The first-line strategy in acute management is to rapidly shift potassium into the cells. Intravenous administration of insulin combined with glucose is the preferred clinical choice: insulin drives potassium into the cells, while glucose prevents insulin-induced hypoglycemia, providing rapid and reliable results.