— 生理適應 · HARD · MCQ —
一位第一型糖尿病病人因糖尿病酮酸中毒（DKA）入院。下列哪項評估結果最符合身體補償代謝性酸中毒的反應？
A nurse is caring for a client with Type 1 Diabetes who presents with DKA. Which assessment finding is most consistent with the body's attempt to compensate for metabolic acidosis?
- ADeep, rapid, labored respirations✓ 正解深快且費力的呼吸
- BShallow, slow respirations淺慢的呼吸
- CBradypnea with frequent apnea呼吸過緩伴隨頻繁的呼吸暫停
- DNormal resting respiratory rate正常的靜息呼吸頻率
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
當體內出現代謝性酸中毒（如 DKA），身體會透過庫斯毛爾呼吸（Kussmaul respirations）來排除二氧化碳，藉此降低血液中的碳酸濃度並提升 pH 值。這種呼吸模式特徵為深、快且費力，是呼吸系統代償酸中毒的關鍵機制。
Therapeutic communication involves using open-ended questions to encourage the client to express their feelings without judgment. This approach validates the client's experience and builds trust, whereas false reassurance or minimizing statements can hinder the therapeutic relationship.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆強調 DKA 病人需監測 ABG 與呼吸模式，唯美國護理師對調整胰島素滴注速率之 protocol 執行權限較大。