一位處於急性腎損傷 (AKI) 少尿期的病人，護理師最可能觀察到哪種電解質不平衡？

急性腎損傷（AKI）少尿期（oliguric phase）意味著腎臟排泄代謝廢物與電解質的功能明顯受損。腎臟無法有效排出鉀、鎂與磷離子，導致這些電解質在體內堆積，形成高血鉀、高血鎂與高血磷。高血鎂尤其危險，可能導致神經肌肉功能抑制。鈉離子通常會因為水分滯留而呈現稀釋性低血鈉（dilutional hyponatremia），而非高血鈉。因此，高血鎂是此階段病理生理的預期結果。

In the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury, the kidneys fail to excrete waste products and electrolytes effectively, leading to the accumulation of potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus. This results in hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, and hyperphosphatemia. Hypermagnesemia is particularly dangerous as it can suppress neuromuscular function, whereas sodium levels may drop due to fluid retention causing dilutional hyponatremia.