護理師照護一位正經歷恐慌發作的病人，下列哪些措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing a panic attack. Which actions are appropriate for the nurse to take? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a calm, authoritative, and firm demeanor✓ 正解保持冷靜、權威且堅定的態度
- BEncourage the client to take deep, slow breaths✓ 正解鼓勵病人進行深而緩慢的呼吸
- CLeave the client alone to reduce stimuli將病人獨自留置以減少刺激
- DUse short, simple sentences when communicating✓ 正解溝通時使用簡短、簡單的句子
- EPlace the client in a quiet, low-stimulus environment✓ 正解將病人安置於安靜、低刺激的環境
恐慌發作時，病人認知功能受損，護理師需保持冷靜與結構化的態度，給予簡短指令以減輕其負擔。物理環境應降低聲光刺激，並引導病人進行深呼吸以對抗過度換氣。嚴禁將恐慌發作病人獨處，以免發生自我傷害或因對死亡的恐懼加劇焦慮。
During a panic attack, the client's cognitive functioning is impaired. The nurse should maintain a calm and structured demeanor and give brief instructions to reduce the client's burden. The physical environment should have reduced auditory and visual stimuli, and the client should be guided to take deep breaths to counter hyperventilation. A client in a panic attack must never be left alone, to prevent self-harm or worsening anxiety related to a fear of death.
美國醫院有專門的 Crisis Intervention Team，台灣精神科病房則多依賴護理師與值班醫師共同處理急性恐慌。