下列哪些項目是住院兒童心理社會照護的適當目標？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following items are appropriate goals in the psychosocial care of a hospitalized child? (Select all that apply.)
- AMinimize separation from parents✓ 正解最小化與父母的分離
- BMaintain a sense of normalcy and routine✓ 正解維持正常感和常規
- CEncourage therapeutic play to express feelings✓ 正解鼓勵治療性遊戲以表達感受
- DRestrict all visitors to prevent infection限制所有訪客以防止感染
- EProvide age-appropriate explanations of procedures✓ 正解提供年齡適當的程序說明
住院對兒童而言是一個充滿壓力的環境，容易引發分離焦慮（separation anxiety）與無助感。心理社會照護的核心目標在於減輕住院帶來的心理衝擊，促進兒童的發展需求。護理師應透過維持規律、鼓勵表達與適度溝通，協助兒童建立安全感並增強對治療的控制感。臨床上，應優先考量家庭參與及資訊透明化，以降低兒童對未知的恐懼。
Hospitalization is a stressful environment for children that easily triggers separation anxiety and feelings of helplessness. The core goals of psychosocial care are to reduce the psychological impact of hospitalization and to promote developmental needs. The nurse should help the child build a sense of security and enhance the sense of control over treatment by maintaining routine, encouraging expression, and providing appropriate communication. Clinically, family involvement and information transparency should be prioritized to reduce the child's fear of the unknown.
在美國醫院，Family-Centered Care（以家庭為中心之照護）被視為標準，通常允許家長 24 小時留在床邊並參與護理過程，這與台灣部分病房仍有探視時間限制的文化不同。