一位老年病人剛喪偶，下列哪些陳述顯示為正常的哀傷反應？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for an older adult who is grieving the loss of a spouse. Which statements by the client indicate normal bereavement? (Select all that apply.)
- AI sometimes feel like I hear my spouse's voice✓ 正解我有時覺得聽到配偶的聲音
- BI have no interest in eating or doing much✓ 正解我沒有興趣吃飯或做太多事
- CI find myself crying when I see their old clothes✓ 正解我看到他們舊衣服時會忍不住哭泣
- DI feel that life is meaningless and I want to die我覺得人生毫無意義，我想死
- EI find it difficult to concentrate during the day✓ 正解我發現白天難以集中注意力
喪親反應（Bereavement）是一個複雜的心理過程，正常的哀傷反應包含生理、情緒與認知上的變化。如聽幻覺（感覺到逝者）、食慾不振、情緒波動與注意力不集中，這些都是哀傷過程中的正常現象。然而，若病人出現自殺念頭或絕望感，則可能顯示其已陷入臨床憂鬱（Major depression），需立即介入，因為這已超出正常哀傷的範圍。
Bereavement is a complex psychological process, and normal grief reactions include physiologic, emotional, and cognitive changes. Auditory illusions (sensing the deceased), loss of appetite, mood fluctuations, and difficulty concentrating are all common phenomena during the grieving process. However, if the client reports suicidal ideation or feelings of hopelessness, this may indicate major depression and requires immediate intervention, as it has exceeded the bounds of normal grief.