護理師準備給藥，下列哪些策略能有效預防給藥錯誤？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer medication to a client. Which of the following strategies are effective in preventing medication errors? (Select all that apply.)
- AUsing at least two patient identifiers before administration✓ 正解給藥前使用至少兩項病人識別資訊
- BConfirming the medication order in the electronic health record✓ 正解在電子病歷中確認藥物醫囑
- CChecking the medication label against the MAR three times✓ 正解將藥物標籤與藥物給藥紀錄表核對三次
- DAsking the client to state their room number as an identifier要求病人報出他們的病房號碼作為識別
- EAvoiding interruptions during the medication preparation process✓ 正解避免在藥物準備過程中受到干擾
藥物錯誤（Medication Errors）是醫療照護中常見且可能造成嚴重後果的事件。預防藥物錯誤需要系統性的方法，結合標準化的流程與警覺性。 正確答案 A、B、C、E 均為有效的預防策略。使用至少兩項病人識別資訊（如姓名、出生日期、病歷號碼）與醫囑核對（A）是病人安全的首要準則。確認醫囑（B）可確保給予正確的藥物、劑量、途徑與頻次。藥物標籤與醫囑記錄（MAR）的三讀五對（C）是給藥前必備的步驟，能大幅降低因藥物名稱相似或劑量錯誤。避免在配藥過程中被打擾（E）能確保護理師專注於操作，減少因分心導致的錯誤。 選項 D（詢問病房號）是錯誤的識別方式。病房號會變動，且可能有多位病人共用或因轉床而混淆，不可作為主要識別依據。美國醫療機構普遍採用病人手腕帶上的資訊（姓名、病歷號碼）作為首要識別依據。
Medication errors are common events in health-care delivery that may have serious consequences. Preventing medication errors requires a systematic approach that combines standardized processes with vigilance. The correct answers, A, B, C, and E, are all effective preventive strategies. Using at least two patient identifiers (such as name, date of birth, and medical record number) and checking against the order (A) is the first rule of patient safety. Verifying the order (B) ensures that the correct medication, dose, route, and frequency are given. Performing the three checks and five rights between the medication label and the medication administration record (MAR) (C) is a required step before administration and substantially reduces errors due to look-alike drug names or incorrect doses. Avoiding interruptions during medication preparation (E) helps the nurse stay focused and reduces errors caused by distraction. Option D (asking for the room number) is an incorrect method of identification. Room numbers change and may be shared by multiple patients or become confused after bed transfers, so they cannot serve as a primary identifier. U.S. health-care institutions universally use the information on the patient's wristband (name and medical record number) as the primary identifier.