一位 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案，表現出呼吸急促、心跳過速及瀕死感。護理師最合適的處置為何？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with rapid breathing, tachycardia, and a sense of impending doom. Which action is most appropriate for the nurse?
- AInstruct the client to breathe into a paper bag指示個案使用紙袋呼吸
- BAdminister an extra dose of PRN benzodiazepine給予額外劑量的備用苯二氮平類藥物
- CLeave the client alone to reduce environmental stimuli讓個案獨處以減少環境刺激
- DSpeak in a calm, clear, and low-pitched voice✓ 正解以平靜、清晰且低沉的語調說話
面對焦慮發作的個案，護理師應提供鎮靜、穩定且具安全感的環境。透過低沉平穩的語調給予明確指導，能降低病人的混亂與焦慮感。過往使用紙袋呼吸已不建議，因可能導致缺氧；未經評估不可隨意給藥；絕對不可將焦慮病人獨處以免發生意外或加重恐慌。
For a client experiencing an anxiety attack, the nurse should provide a calm, stable environment that conveys a sense of safety. Using a low, steady tone of voice to give clear instructions reduces the patient's confusion and anxiety. Breathing into a paper bag, formerly used, is no longer recommended because it may cause hypoxia; medications must not be given without assessment; and an anxious patient must never be left alone, in case of injury or worsening panic.
美台護理臨床對焦慮病人的評估標準一致，但美國護理師在溝通技巧運用上更強調結構化的情緒去升級（de-escalation）訓練。