一位 25 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案因頻繁驚恐發作就診。評估過程中，個案開始過度換氣。護理師應首要採取什麼措施？
A 25-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents to the clinic reporting frequent panic attacks. During the assessment, the client begins to hyperventilate. Which action should the nurse take first?
- AAdminister a PRN dose of alprazolam給予處方用劑量的阿普唑侖
- BInstruct the client to breathe into a paper bag指示個案將呼吸吸入紙袋中
- CLeave the client alone to allow for privacy讓個案獨處以保障隱私
- DSpeak in a calm, firm, and short-sentenced manner✓ 正解以平靜、堅定且簡短的句子說話
處理驚恐發作個案時，最優先事項為建立安全感並引導其恢復生理控制。過度換氣時，護理師應運用堅定且簡短的對話來安撫並引導其呼吸，避免過度激動。紙袋呼吸法因可能導致嚴重缺氧已不再推薦使用，藥物屬於後續醫囑，而離開案主會加重其被拋棄感。
When managing a client experiencing a panic attack, the top priority is to establish a sense of safety and guide the client back to physiologic control. During hyperventilation, the nurse should use firm, brief verbal communication to reassure and guide the client's breathing, avoiding overstimulation. Paper-bag rebreathing is no longer recommended because of the risk of severe hypoxia; medications are a subsequent provider-driven intervention; and leaving the client alone would intensify feelings of abandonment.
台美護理師皆強調心理支持，但美國在藥物給予流程上較依賴護理師的自主判斷（Protocol），台灣偏向需先聯絡醫師開立醫囑。