護理師照護一位留置鼻胃管的病人。在每次灌食前應評估哪些事項?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube. What should the nurse assess before each feeding? (Select all that apply.)
- ACheck for correct tube placement✓ 正解確認管路位置正確
- BAssess bowel sounds✓ 正解評估腸鳴音
- CCheck gastric residual volume✓ 正解檢查胃殘留量
- DAssess the skin around the insertion site✓ 正解評估置管部位周圍皮膚
- EEnsure the client is in a supine position確保病人處於仰臥位
鼻胃管灌食前的護理評估是預防吸入性肺炎與消化不良的關鍵。護理師必須確認管路位置(A)以防誤入氣道;評估腸音(B)確認腸道蠕動功能正常以防脹氣;回抽殘餘量(C)評估胃排空情況以防反流;檢查插入處皮膚(D)則能預防皮膚潰瘍。病人灌食時應採半坐臥姿(Semi-Fowler's position),而非平躺(E),以利用重力防止反流。
Pre-feeding assessment of a nasogastric tube client is essential to prevent aspiration pneumonia and feeding intolerance. The nurse must verify tube placement (A) to avoid airway misplacement; assess bowel sounds (B) to confirm peristalsis and prevent distention; check gastric residual volume (C) to evaluate emptying and reduce reflux; and inspect the insertion site skin (D) to prevent breakdown. The client should be in semi-Fowler's position, not supine (E), to use gravity to prevent reflux.
台灣臨床對於殘餘量(Residual volume)的界定標準各醫院略有不同,美國 NCLEX 考試則強調預防誤吸的安全性原則。現代實證護理(EBP)已逐漸減少不必要的殘餘量回抽,但考試中仍視為必須的評估項目。