護理師照護一位乳膠過敏病人。護理師應確保哪些設備不含乳膠？（選所有適合的）
The nurse is caring for a client with a latex allergy. Which equipment should the nurse ensure is latex-free? (Select all that apply.)
- AUrinary catheter✓ 正解導尿管
- BBlood pressure cuff tubing✓ 正解血壓計袖帶軟管
- CStethoscope tubing✓ 正解聽診器軟管
- DGlass medication vials玻璃藥瓶
- EAdhesive tape✓ 正解黏性膠帶
核心概念是識別醫院環境中常見的乳膠（Latex）來源以預防過敏反應。乳膠過敏可從輕微皮膚紅疹發展到致命的過敏性休克（Anaphylaxis）。護理師必須確保所有直接或間接接觸病人的物品均不含乳膠。許多傳統的橡膠製品（如導尿管、血壓計軟管、聽診器管路）都含有乳膠成分。隨著醫療技術進步，許多醫院已改用 Latex-free 替代品（如矽膠或合成橡膠），但在 NCLEX 考試中，考生必須具備識別這些傳統高風險物品的能力。
The core concept is identifying common hospital sources of latex to prevent allergic reactions, which can range from mild skin rashes to life-threatening anaphylaxis. The nurse must ensure that any item that may contact the client is latex-free. Traditional rubber products such as urinary catheters, blood pressure cuff tubing, and stethoscope tubing often contain latex. Many hospitals now use latex-free alternatives (silicone or synthetic rubber), but for NCLEX the candidate must recognize these traditional high-risk items.
美國許多醫院現在已全面推行「Latex-safe environment」，甚至手套都全面改用丁腈（Nitrile）。台灣雖然也在進步，但部分醫療耗材仍可能含有乳膠。在 NCLEX 考試中，對乳膠過敏的警覺性（如詢問對香蕉、奇異果過敏史）是常見考點。