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安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA

護理師準備給藥時,應執行哪些安全措施以預防錯誤?(選所有適合的)

A nurse is preparing to administer medication. Which safety practices should the nurse implement to prevent errors? (Select all that apply.)

  • ACheck the medication against the MAR three times✓ 正解
    將藥物與MAR(藥物醫囑紀錄)核對三次
  • BAsk the client for their name and date of birth✓ 正解
    詢問病人的姓名和出生日期
  • CEnsure the medication label matches the order✓ 正解
    確保藥物標籤與醫囑相符
  • DDocument the medication before administration
    在給藥前記錄藥物
  • EUse two patient identifiers before giving the medication✓ 正解
    給藥前使用兩種病人識別碼
Explanation · 中文詳解

給藥安全是護理工作中預防醫療錯誤的基石,護理師在執行給藥程序時必須嚴格遵守一系列安全措施。這些措施的核心是確保「正確的病人、正確的藥物、正確的劑量、正確的途徑、正確的時間」這「五個對」(five rights),並輔以額外的安全確認,如正確的理由、正確的評估、正確的衛教、正確的拒絕權和正確的記錄。透過這些多重檢查點,可以最大程度地降低給藥錯誤的風險,保障病人的生命安全,並符合護理專業的倫理與法律責任。嚴謹的給藥流程是確保病人安全的關鍵。

Medication safety is the cornerstone of preventing medical errors in nursing practice. Nurses must strictly follow a series of safety measures when administering medications. The core principles are the 'five rights' (right client, right medication, right dose, right route, right time), supplemented by additional checks such as right reason, right assessment, right teaching, right to refuse, and right documentation. These multiple checkpoints minimize the risk of medication errors, protect the client's safety, and fulfill nursing's ethical and legal responsibilities. A rigorous medication administration process is key to client safety.

✦ 台美臨床差異

給藥安全的「三讀五對」原則與使用兩個病人識別碼,在台灣與美國的臨床護理實務中均是標準作業流程,其核心精神和執行方式高度一致。然而,在文件記錄方面,美國的電子健康記錄(Electronic Health Record, EHR)系統普及率更高,許多醫院會透過掃描條碼自動核對藥物與病人身份,並自動記錄給藥時間,進一步強化了給藥流程的安全性與效率,這與台灣部分仍使用紙本或較為手動的系統可能存在差異。

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