護理師指導慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人進行飲食調整，應包含哪些建議？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which dietary adjustments should the nurse recommend? (Select all that apply.)
- ARestrict potassium intake✓ 正解限制鉀攝取
- BIncrease protein intake to boost healing增加蛋白質攝取以促進癒合
- CLimit phosphorus-rich foods✓ 正解限制富含磷的食物
- DMonitor sodium intake✓ 正解監測鈉攝取量
- EIncrease fluid intake to flush the kidneys增加液體攝取以沖洗腎臟
CKD 病人腎臟排泄鉀、磷、鈉的功能受損，因此必須限制這三者的攝取量以避免高血鉀、高血磷及高血壓與水腫。蛋白質攝取需視腎功能階段調整（過多會增加廢物堆積，過少則營養不良，原則上需適量而非增加）。增加液體攝取在晚期 CKD 可能導致體液過多與心臟衰竭。
In CKD, renal excretion of potassium, phosphorus, and sodium is impaired, so intake of these three must be limited to avoid hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypertension, and edema. Protein intake is adjusted to renal stage—excess protein increases nitrogenous waste, while too little causes malnutrition; intake must be moderated rather than increased. Increasing fluids in late-stage CKD can lead to fluid overload and heart failure.
美國有專門的 renal dietitian 介入，台灣則多由護理師與營養師共同衛教，且特別強調中草藥避免使用。