對於深部靜脈栓塞 (DVT) 病人，下列哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? (Select all that apply.)
- AElevate the affected extremity.✓ 正解抬高患肢
- BMassage the affected leg to improve circulation.按摩患腿以促進循環
- CAdminister prescribed anticoagulants.✓ 正解給予處方抗凝血劑
- DMonitor for symptoms of pulmonary embolism.✓ 正解監測肺栓塞症狀
- EApply cold compresses to the site.對患處施加冷敷
深部靜脈栓塞 (deep vein thrombosis, DVT) 的護理目標是預防血栓擴大、預防血栓脫落導致肺栓塞 (pulmonary embolism, PE)，以及減輕局部症狀。護理措施應著重於改善靜脈回流、使用抗凝藥物治療，並密切監測併發症。了解哪些措施是安全且有效的，哪些是禁忌的，對於 DVT 病人的照護至關重要。
The nursing goals for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are to prevent thrombus extension, prevent embolization that could lead to pulmonary embolism (PE), and relieve local symptoms. Care should focus on improving venous return, anticoagulant therapy, and close monitoring for complications. Knowing which interventions are safe and effective, and which are contraindicated, is essential to DVT care.
DVT 的護理處置，包括抬高患肢、抗凝劑使用和肺栓塞監測，在台灣與美國的臨床實踐中是高度一致的。關於物理治療，美國的物理治療師可能會在醫師醫囑下，為 DVT 病人制定更為詳細的早期活動計畫，例如穿戴壓力襪 (compression stockings) 和適度的行走，以防止血栓後症候群 (post-thrombotic syndrome)。台灣的護理師也鼓勵早期活動，但具體方案可能由醫師或物理治療師主導。