護理師照護一位有癲癇史的病人。應執行哪些安全預防措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of seizures. Which safety precautions should be implemented? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep suction equipment at the bedside✓ 正解在床邊備妥抽吸設備
- BPad the side rails of the bed✓ 正解為床欄加墊
- CPlace the bed in the highest position將病床置於最高位置
- DKeep a tongue blade at the bedside在床邊備妥壓舌板
- EEnsure oxygen is available at the bedside✓ 正解確保床邊有氧氣供應
癲癇發作可能導致病人意識喪失、肌肉抽搐或身體僵硬，進而增加跌倒、撞擊受傷或呼吸道阻塞的風險。護理師必須為有癲癇史的病人制定並執行周全的安全預防措施，以在發作期間最大程度地保護病人免受傷害，並確保呼吸道通暢。 癲癇安全措施的核心原則是創造一個安全的環境，預防外傷，並準備好處理可能出現的呼吸道問題。這包括移除周圍潛在的危險物品，保護病人頭部和四肢，以及確保在發作期間能維持呼吸道通暢。這些預防措施的目的是在不干預病人發作過程的前提下，提供最佳的保護。
Seizures can cause loss of consciousness, muscle convulsions, or body rigidity, thereby increasing the risk of falls, impact injuries, and airway obstruction. The nurse must develop and implement comprehensive safety precautions for clients with a history of seizures, in order to maximize protection during a seizure and ensure airway patency. The core principle of seizure safety measures is to create a safe environment, prevent trauma, and be prepared to manage potential airway problems. This includes removing potentially dangerous items from the surroundings, protecting the client's head and limbs, and ensuring that a patent airway can be maintained during the seizure. The purpose of these preventive measures is to provide optimal protection without interfering with the seizure activity itself.
癲癇安全措施在台灣與美國的臨床實務中是高度一致的。兩地都強調保護病人免受傷害，確保呼吸道通暢。特別是關於禁止在癲癇發作時將壓舌板或其他物品放入病人口中，這是全球護理的黃金法則。床頭搖高或床邊備妥氧氣等措施，也都是標準的護理常規。美國對於癲癇病人的教育和支持系統可能更為完善，但實際的照護措施並無顯著差異。