— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病人正在輸血。15 分鐘後,病人主訴寒顫和背痛。護理師的首要行動是什麼?
A client is receiving a blood transfusion. After 15 minutes, the client reports chills and back pain. What is the nurse's first action?
- AStop the infusion✓ 正解停止輸注
- BAdminister diphenhydramine給予苯海拉明
- CSlow the infusion rate減慢輸注速率
- DTake the client's vital signs測量病人的生命徵象
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
這道題目考驗護理師對輸血反應緊急處理的優先順序。輸血過程中,病人出現寒顫和背痛是急性溶血性輸血反應(Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction)的典型症狀,這是一種危及生命的嚴重併發症,可能導致腎衰竭、休克甚至死亡。在這種情況下,護理師的首要任務是立即停止輸注,防止更多的致敏血液進入病患體內,這是保護病人安全最關鍵的步驟。隨後,應維持靜脈管路暢通,並通知醫師及血庫。
Chills and back pain are classic signs of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate cessation of the blood infusion to prevent further harm. Stopping the transfusion is the priority action to protect the client, followed by maintaining IV access with normal saline and notifying the healthcare provider.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國法律要求將輸血管路與血液袋全部送回血庫檢驗;台灣流程相似,但部分醫院可能先抽病人血液送檢。