接受環利尿劑（Loop diuretics）治療的病人，護理師應監測哪些電解質不平衡？（選所有適合的）
Which electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor for in a patient receiving loop diuretics? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypokalemia✓ 正解低鉀血症
- BHyponatremia✓ 正解低鈉血症
- CHypercalcemia高鈣血症
- DHypomagnesemia✓ 正解低鎂血症
- EHyperkalemia高鉀血症
環利尿劑（如 Furosemide）作用於腎臟亨利氏環（Loop of Henle），抑制鈉、鉀、氯離子的再吸收，導致這些離子隨尿液大量排出。長期使用會引發電解質不平衡，包括低鉀、低鈉與低鎂血症。此外，環利尿劑會促進鈣的排泄，因此需監測鈣離子濃度，但臨床上較少發生高鈣血症。護理師應定期抽血檢查並監測病人是否有心律不整或肌肉無力等症狀。
Loop diuretics (such as furosemide) act on the loop of Henle, inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride and causing these ions to be excreted in large amounts in the urine. Long-term use can result in electrolyte imbalances including hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypomagnesemia. In addition, loop diuretics promote calcium excretion, so calcium levels should also be monitored, but hypercalcemia is uncommon in clinical practice. The nurse should obtain regular laboratory tests and monitor for symptoms such as arrhythmias and muscle weakness.