— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師對一位急性氣喘發作的病人應執行哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform for a client experiencing an acute asthma attack? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister short-acting beta-agonist✓ 正解給予短效乙型交感神經刺激劑
- BPlace client in high-Fowler's position✓ 正解讓病人採取高福勒氏臥位
- CAdminister IV beta-blockers給予靜脈注射乙型阻斷劑
- DAdminister supplemental oxygen to keep SpO2 > 90%✓ 正解給予補充氧氣以維持 SpO2 > 90%
- EAssess peak expiratory flow rate✓ 正解評估尖峰呼氣流速
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氣喘急性發作需擴張支氣管（短效型 Beta-2 劑）、採半坐臥姿勢增加肺活量、給氧維持血氧濃度，並監測呼氣流速（PEFR）評估反應。Beta-blocker（乙型阻斷劑）會導致支氣管收縮，禁忌使用於氣喘病患。
Management of an acute asthma attack includes administering short-acting beta-agonists to relieve bronchospasm, placing the client in a high-Fowler’s position to maximize lung expansion, and providing oxygen to maintain saturation above 90%. Peak expiratory flow rate should also be assessed to monitor airway status, while beta-blockers are strictly contraindicated as they can induce bronchoconstriction.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美臨床對於急性氣喘處置一致，強調 Beta-2 agonist 的使用與禁忌藥物審核。