護理師照護一位服用 phenytoin 的癲癇病史病人，下列哪項衛教最為重要？
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of seizures who is taking phenytoin. Which teaching is essential?
- ADouble the dose if a seizure occurs若發生癲癇發作則加倍劑量
- BMaintain good oral hygiene to prevent gingival hyperplasia✓ 正解保持良好的口腔衛生以預防牙齦增生
- CStop the medication if a rash develops若出現皮疹則停止用藥
- DTake the medication with an antacid to decrease stomach upset與抗酸劑一起服用藥物以減少胃部不適
Phenytoin 是一種常見的抗癲癇藥物，其臨床重要副作用包括牙齦增生（gingival hyperplasia）。護理師必須教育病人維持良好的口腔衛生（如使用軟毛牙刷、定期牙科檢查），以減少牙齦組織的發炎與增生。此外，此藥物濃度需嚴格控管，不可隨意停藥或更改劑量，以免引發癲癇持續狀態（status epilepticus）。
Phenytoin is a commonly used antiepileptic medication, and one of its clinically important adverse effects is gingival hyperplasia. The nurse must teach the patient to maintain good oral hygiene (such as using a soft-bristle toothbrush and obtaining regular dental check-ups) to reduce inflammation and overgrowth of gingival tissue. In addition, this drug requires strict serum level control, and the medication must not be stopped or have its dose changed without medical advice, to avoid precipitating status epilepticus.