— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列何者為體液容積不足(Fluid Volume Deficit)的臨床表現?(選所有適合的)
Which of the following are clinical manifestations of fluid volume deficit? (Select all that apply.)
- ATachycardia✓ 正解心搏過速
- BBounding pulse脈搏強而有力
- CDecreased skin turgor✓ 正解皮膚彈性減退
- DOliguria✓ 正解少尿
- EWeight gain體重增加
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
體液容積不足時,身體為了維持心輸出量會代償性增加心跳(Tachycardia);組織脫水導致皮膚彈性變差(Decreased turgor);腎臟為了保留水分會減少尿量(Oliguria)。Bounding pulse 與體重增加均為體液容積過多(Fluid Volume Excess)的特徵。
In fluid volume deficit, the body compensates to maintain cardiac output by increasing heart rate (tachycardia); tissue dehydration produces decreased skin turgor; and the kidneys conserve water, resulting in oliguria. A bounding pulse and weight gain are characteristic of fluid volume excess.
✦ 台美臨床差異
臨床上,台美對於評估脫水皆重視皮膚彈性與黏膜濕度,但在評估輕微脫水時,美國護理師更常使用毛細血管回充時間(Capillary refill)作為輔助。