一位護理師正在教導一位病人有關高血壓的管理。哪種生活方式的改變最能有效降低血壓？
A nurse is educating a client about managing hypertension. Which lifestyle modification is most effective in lowering blood pressure?
- AEngaging in regular physical activity.✓ 正解參與規律的身體活動。
- BIncreasing sodium intake.增加鈉攝取量。
- CConsuming a diet high in saturated fats.攝取高飽和脂肪的饮食。
- DLimiting fluid intake to 1 liter per day.將液體攝取量限制在每天 1 公升。
高血壓的非藥物治療中，「規律有氧運動」是降血壓最有效的單一生活方式改變，可降低收縮壓 5-8 mmHg。 運動的機制包括：增加心血管效率、改善胰島素敏感性、降低交感神經張力、減重輔助、改善血管內皮功能。建議每週至少 150 分鐘中等強度有氧運動（如快走、游泳、騎腳踏車）。 選項 B 錯誤：增加鈉攝取會導致水鈉滯留，直接升高血壓，是高血壓飲食禁忌（DASH 飲食限鈉至 < 2300 mg/day）。 選項 C 錯誤：高飽和脂肪促進動脈粥狀硬化，惡化高血壓並增加心血管事件。 選項 D 錯誤：除非病人有心衰竭等特殊狀況，過度限水並非常規降血壓措施。
Among non-pharmacologic interventions for hypertension, regular aerobic exercise is the single most effective lifestyle modification, reducing systolic BP by 5-8 mmHg. Mechanisms include: improved cardiovascular efficiency, increased insulin sensitivity, reduced sympathetic tone, weight management, and improved endothelial function. Recommendation: at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity (brisk walking, swimming, cycling). B is incorrect: Increasing sodium causes fluid retention and directly raises BP—DASH diet limits sodium to <2300 mg/day. C is incorrect: Saturated fats accelerate atherosclerosis and worsen hypertension. D is incorrect: Fluid restriction is not standard antihypertensive therapy unless heart failure is present.