一位慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人正經歷體液過負荷。護理師應執行哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is experiencing fluid overload. Which interventions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- AElevate the head of the bed to 45 degrees✓ 正解將床頭抬高至 45 度
- BAdminister IV fluid bolus給予靜脈輸液衝刺
- CMonitor intake and output daily✓ 正解每日監測出入量
- DAuscultate lung sounds every 4 hours✓ 正解每 4 小時聽診肺音
- EProvide low-sodium diet✓ 正解提供低鈉飲食
慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人因腎絲球過濾率下降，導致水分與鈉離子滯留，引發體液過負荷。護理重點在於減輕心肺負擔、監測液體出入量、評估肺部狀況及調整飲食限制。抬高床頭可藉由重力減輕橫膈膜壓力，改善呼吸困難；嚴格紀錄出入量能評估利尿劑成效；肺部聽診能早期發現肺水腫（如囉音）；低鈉飲食可減少滲透壓吸引水分滯留。IV 給水會直接加劇負荷，應嚴格限制。
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), a decreased glomerular filtration rate leads to retention of water and sodium, resulting in fluid volume overload. Nursing priorities focus on reducing cardiopulmonary workload, monitoring intake and output, assessing pulmonary status, and adjusting dietary restrictions. Elevating the head of the bed uses gravity to relieve diaphragmatic pressure and improve dyspnea; strict I&O recording assesses diuretic effectiveness; lung auscultation can detect early pulmonary edema (such as crackles); a low-sodium diet reduces osmotic water retention. IV fluid administration would directly worsen the overload and must be strictly limited.