護理師照護一位 COPD 病人，下列哪些措施是合適的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of COPD. Which interventions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister oxygen at 1-2 L/min✓ 正解以 1-2 L/min 給氧
- BEncourage pursed-lip breathing✓ 正解鼓勵噘嘴呼吸
- CProvide a high-calorie, small-frequency diet✓ 正解提供高熱量、少量多餐之飲食
- DEncourage smoking cessation✓ 正解鼓勵戒菸
- EPlace the client in a supine position將個案置於仰臥姿勢
COPD 病人的照護重點在於維持呼吸功能與減少呼吸功。低流量給氧（1-2 L/min）是為了避免抑制病人的缺氧驅動（Hypoxic drive）。噘嘴式呼吸（Pursed-lip breathing）能增加呼氣壓，防止小氣道過早塌陷。少量多餐可避免胃部膨脹壓迫橫膈膜，改善呼吸效率。戒菸是延緩肺功能惡化的核心。平臥會導致橫膈膜受腹部臟器壓迫，應採取高頭位（Semi-Fowler's）以利肺部擴張。
Care for COPD patients focuses on maintaining respiratory function and reducing the work of breathing. Low-flow oxygen therapy (1–2 L/min) is given to avoid suppressing the patient's hypoxic drive. Pursed-lip breathing increases expiratory pressure and prevents premature collapse of the small airways. Small, frequent meals avoid gastric distention compressing the diaphragm, thereby improving respiratory efficiency. Smoking cessation is central to slowing the decline of lung function. Lying flat allows abdominal viscera to press upward on the diaphragm; a semi-Fowler's position should be used to facilitate lung expansion.