護理師對新裝人工肛門（colostomy）的病人進行出院衛教，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is educating a client about discharge care for a newly placed colostomy. Which instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AEmpty the pouch when it is one-third to one-half full✓ 正解當造口袋裝至三分之一至一半滿時排空
- BClean the stoma with mild, unscented soap and water✓ 正解使用溫和、無香精的肥皂和水清潔造口
- CIncrease intake of gas-forming foods like beans and cabbage增加豆類和高麗菜等產氣食物的攝取
- DCut the skin barrier opening to be 1/8 inch larger than the stoma✓ 正解將皮膚屏障的開口剪裁得比造口大 1/8 英吋
- EReport any stoma that is pale, dusky, or black in color✓ 正解若造口呈現蒼白、暗沉或黑色，請回報
人工肛門（Colostomy）衛教核心在於造口皮膚完整性維護與早期併發症監測。護理師需確保病人理解造口袋更換時機、清潔方式及造口顏色變化的警示意義，以預防皮膚損傷與壞死。正確的底座裁剪能防止糞便外溢導致皮膚炎。此外，飲食衛教應強調建立規律排便習慣，而非單純限制產氣食物，但需提醒產氣食物可能造成袋內氣體過多影響黏貼。
Colostomy education focuses on maintaining peristomal skin integrity and monitoring for early complications. The nurse must ensure the client understands when to change the pouch, how to cleanse the area, and the significance of changes in stoma color to prevent skin breakdown and necrosis. Correct trimming of the skin barrier prevents skin irritation from stool leakage. Dietary teaching should emphasize establishing regular bowel habits rather than simply restricting gas-forming foods, although clients should be reminded that gas-forming foods may cause excessive ballooning of the pouch and affect adhesion.
美國臨床更強調由造口治療師（WOCN）參與指導，且造口底座的測量工具（Stoma measuring guide）使用非常普及，護理師需確認病人能正確辨識造口大小變化。