— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備對低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀，最關鍵的安全護理措施為何？
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia. What is the most critical safety action to take?
- AVerify that the client has a patent peripheral IV site確認病人具有暢通的周邊靜脈通路
- BDilute the medication properly and infuse via an infusion pump✓ 正解適當稀釋藥物並透過輸注幫浦進行輸注
- CAssess the client's blood pressure prior to administration在給藥前評估病人的血壓
- DMonitor the client's potassium level every 2 hours每 2 小時監測病人的鉀離子濃度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈輸注鉀離子具高度危險性。氯化鉀絕對不可直接靜脈推注（IV push），必須稀釋後並透過輸液泵浦（infusion pump）精確控制滴速。過快輸注易引發致命性心律不整及局部組織壞死。A選項雖重要但非最關鍵，D與C非立即性安全處置重點。
IV potassium chloride is a high-alert medication. It must never be administered by IV push (causes cardiac arrest); it must be properly diluted and infused via an infusion pump to precisely control the rate. Rapid infusion causes lethal arrhythmia and tissue necrosis. While IV patency, periodic potassium monitoring, and blood pressure are important, the most critical safety action is correct dilution and pump-controlled infusion.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美均嚴禁 KCl 直接靜脈推注，但美國護理師常需更嚴格遵守獨立雙重核對（double check）機制。