— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · EASY · MCQ —
病人因急性氣喘發作就診。護理師預期醫師會開立下列何種藥物以達到立即支氣管擴張?
A client presents with an acute asthma attack. The nurse expects the physician to prescribe which medication for immediate bronchodilation?
- AMontelukastMontelukast(孟魯司特)
- BAlbuterol✓ 正解Albuterol(沙丁胺醇)
- CBeclomethasoneBeclomethasone(倍氯米松)
- DSalmeterolSalmeterol(沙美特羅)
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Albuterol 為短效型乙二型交感神經刺激劑(SABA),具有極快的起效速度,是緩解急性氣喘支氣管痙攣的首選。Salmeterol 為長效型用於維持;Beclomethasone 為類固醇用於長期抗發炎;Montelukast 為白三烯素抑制劑,皆非急性期首選。
Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) with a rapid onset of action, making it the preferred medication for immediate bronchodilation during an acute asthma attack. Other options like montelukast, beclomethasone, and salmeterol are intended for long-term maintenance or prevention rather than acute symptom relief.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆將 Albuterol 視為急性氣喘急救藥物,但美國護理師常教導病人使用定量吸入器 (MDI) 搭配呼吸輔助器。