護理師被使用過的針頭扎傷。護理師應採取的優先行動是什麼？
A nurse is exposed to a needle stick injury from a used syringe. What is the priority action for the nurse to take?
- AWash the area thoroughly with soap and water✓ 正解以肥皂和水徹底清洗患處
- BEncourage the wound to bleed by squeezing it擠壓傷口促使出血
- CGo to the emergency department for post-exposure prophylaxis前往急診室接受暴露後預防治療
- DNotify the nurse manager immediately立即通知護理長
針扎傷（Needlestick injury）的緊急處理原則首重「立即性的去污」。核心概念是利用物理與化學方式（肥皂洗手）儘速減少進入體內的病原體載量。雖然通知主管（D）與尋求預防性投藥（C）都是流程中不可或缺的步驟，但它們都排在「當下處理傷口」之後。根據 CDC 準則，首要步驟是將受傷部位置於流動清水下，用肥皂徹底清洗。臨床思路上，護理師應明白「黃金時間」就在扎傷後的那幾秒鐘，先自救（清洗）再求援（通報）。選項 B（擠壓傷口）目前已不再推薦，因為過度擠壓可能造成組織微創傷，反而促進病毒進入循環系統。安全優先原則要求護理師在任何後續文書工作前，先完成傷口的初步處理。
The emergency management principle for a needlestick injury prioritizes immediate decontamination. The central concept is to physically and chemically (soap and water) reduce the pathogen load entering the body as quickly as possible. Although notifying the manager (D) and seeking post-exposure prophylaxis (C) are indispensable steps in the workflow, they all follow the immediate management of the wound. According to CDC guidelines, the first step is to place the injured site under running water and wash it thoroughly with soap. Clinically, the nurse should understand that the 'golden window' lies in the seconds immediately after the needlestick: self-care (washing) precedes asking for help (reporting). Option B (squeezing the wound) is no longer recommended, as excessive squeezing can cause microscopic tissue trauma that may actually facilitate viral entry into the circulation. The safety-first principle requires the nurse to complete initial wound management before any subsequent documentation.
美國對於針扎的處理流程非常標準化，通常設有 24 小時熱線或專責部門（Occupational Health）。台灣流程類似，但護理師有時會因為怕被責怪而隱瞞不報。NCLEX 強調必須依照安全規範進行清洗並立即通報。