— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · MCQ —
一位 30 歲患有酒精使用障礙的病人入院進行解毒。護理師預期會給予哪種藥物以預防戒斷性癲癇？
A 30-year-old client with a history of alcohol use disorder is admitted for detoxification. Which medication should the nurse anticipate administering to prevent withdrawal seizures?
- ALorazepam✓ 正解勞拉西泮
- BNaltrexone納曲酮
- CHaloperidol氟哌啶醇
- DDisulfiram雙硫醒
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
酒精戒斷的急性處理首選為苯二氮平類藥物（Benzodiazepines），如 Lorazepam 或 Diazepam，其機轉為增強 GABA 受體活性，能有效控制戒斷症狀並預防癲癇發作。Haloperidol 用於精神症狀，Disulfiram 用於戒酒維持，Naltrexone 用於減少渴求感。
The first-line treatment for acute alcohol withdrawal is a benzodiazepine, such as lorazepam or diazepam, which enhances GABA receptor activity, effectively controlling withdrawal symptoms and preventing seizures. Haloperidol is used for psychotic symptoms, disulfiram is used for maintenance of abstinence, and naltrexone is used to reduce cravings.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國常使用 CIWA-Ar 量表導向給藥，台灣臨床亦多依循此量表或常規醫囑執行。