一位護理師正在接收入院一位診斷為心臟衰竭惡化的病人。哪項症狀最需要立即的評估與介入？
A nurse is admitting a client with a diagnosis of heart failure exacerbation. Which symptom requires the most immediate assessment and intervention?
- AShortness of breath with exertion.勞力性呼吸困難
- BSudden onset of severe dyspnea at rest.✓ 正解休息時突然發作的嚴重呼吸困難
- CDependent edema in the lower extremities.下肢下垂性水腫
- DJugular venous distention.頸靜脈怒張
心臟衰竭惡化時，突發的嚴重靜息性呼吸困難（Dyspnea at rest）是急性肺水腫（Acute Pulmonary Edema）的典型表現。這代表心臟輸出量無法應付身體需求，導致血液滯留在肺部，造成肺泡氣體交換嚴重受阻。這是危及生命的緊急情況，需要立即採取坐姿、給予高濃度氧氣，並通知醫師準備利尿劑等緊急處置。
In heart failure exacerbation, sudden severe dyspnea at rest is the hallmark of acute pulmonary edema. It indicates that cardiac output is insufficient to meet the body's demand, leading to pulmonary congestion and severely impaired alveolar gas exchange. This is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate intervention: position the client upright, deliver high-flow oxygen, and notify the physician to prepare diuretics and other emergency treatments.