— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師為病人執行靜脈輸液，哪些徵兆顯示液體過量（Fluid overload）？
A nurse is administering IV fluids. Which signs indicate fluid overload?
- ADyspnea and crackles✓ 正解呼吸困難和濕囉音
- BBradycardia心搏過緩
- CDry mucous membranes黏膜乾燥
- DHypotension低血壓
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
液體過量（Fluid Overload/Hypervolemia）會導致血管內液體容積增加，進而造成靜脈壓升高及組織水腫。當液體回流至心臟速度超過負荷時，會導致肺部微血管壓力升高，液體滲漏至肺泡間質，引發呼吸困難與肺部濕囉音（Crackles）。這屬於循環系統過負荷的危險徵兆，護理師需評估呼吸音與生命徵象以防肺水腫。
Fluid overload (hypervolemia) leads to increased intravascular volume, which in turn elevates venous pressure and causes tissue edema. When venous return exceeds cardiac capacity, pulmonary capillary pressure rises, fluid leaks into the alveolar interstitium, and dyspnea and pulmonary crackles develop. These signs indicate dangerous circulatory overload, and the nurse must assess breath sounds and vital signs to prevent pulmonary edema.