— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師教導病人預防背部受傷，應包含哪些指導？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about preventing back injury. Which instructions should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the object close to your body when lifting✓ 正解搬運時將物體靠近身體
- BBend at the waist to pick up heavy items彎腰撿起重物
- CMaintain a wide base of support✓ 正解保持寬廣的支撐基底
- DUse your leg muscles rather than back muscles✓ 正解使用腿部肌肉而非背部肌肉
- ETwist your torso to turn while holding an object手持物體時扭轉軀幹轉身
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防背部受傷（body mechanics）的原則在於減輕脊椎負荷，利用身體最強壯的肌肉群（腿部）進行出力。正確的動作包含縮短負重距離、維持穩定的支撐底座（base of support）以及避免脊椎扭轉。在搬運過程中，保持重心穩定並減少對腰椎的剪力（shear force）是護理人員自我保護的關鍵。
Preventing back injury (body mechanics) focuses on reducing spinal load by using the strongest muscle groups (legs). Correct techniques include shortening the load distance, maintaining a wide base of support, and avoiding spinal twisting. During lifting, maintaining a stable center of gravity and minimizing shear forces on the lumbar spine is key to nurse self-protection.