護理師正在照護一位敗血症病人，該病人出現急性腎損傷（AKI）。哪項發現最能提示 AKI？
A nurse is caring for a client with sepsis. The client develops acute kidney injury (AKI). Which finding is most suggestive of AKI?
- ADecreased blood pressure血壓下降
- BDecreased serum potassium血清鉀離子下降
- CElevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine✓ 正解血液尿素氮（BUN）和肌酸酐升高
- DIncreased urine output尿量增加
急性腎損傷（AKI）的特徵是腎臟濾過功能突然下降，導致代謝廢物（如 BUN 和肌酐酸）在血液中堆積。腎功能下降也會影響尿量（可能減少或增加）和電解質平衡（通常是高鉀）。低血壓是敗血症的可能原因，但 BUN 和肌酐酸升高是 AKI 的直接指標。
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a sudden decline in renal filtration function, leading to accumulation of metabolic waste products (such as BUN and creatinine) in the blood. Reduced renal function also affects urinary output (which may decrease or increase) and electrolyte balance (typically causing hyperkalemia). Low blood pressure may be a cause in sepsis, but elevated BUN and creatinine are direct indicators of AKI.
美國的急重症照護指引有詳細的 AKI 診斷標準（如 KDIGO），並強調早期識別；台灣的照護模式也遵循國際標準，但對於敗血症相關 AKI 的預防與管理，團隊協作非常關鍵。