感控主管判定 RN 在照顧肺結核(TB)病患時，危險地違反了空氣隔離協議。哪項行動明確展現此違規？
An infection control supervisor determines a registered nurse clearly committed a hazardous breach of standard airborne isolation protocols when caring for a client actively diagnosed with disseminated Tuberculosis (TB). Which action definitively demonstrates this hazardous breach?
- AWearing a fitted N95 respirator actively before entering the infected room.進入感染房間前主動佩戴密合式N95呼吸器
- BPlacing a surgical mask purely on the infected client during hallway transport.在走廊運送感染病患時僅給病患戴上外科口罩
- CLeaving the isolated negative pressure room door wide open during standard visiting hours.✓ 正解在標準探視時間內將負壓隔離病房的門大開
- DWashing hands completely after removing protective gloves.脫除防護手套後徹底洗手
這道題目考驗護理師對空氣隔離（airborne isolation）協議的理解和嚴格執行。空氣隔離用於預防透過空氣傳播的病原體，如結核病（Tuberculosis, TB）。其核心原則是將病患安置在負壓隔離病房（negative pressure room），以確保房間內的空氣不會逸散到走廊或醫院其他區域。因此，維持負壓房間的完整性至關重要，這包括始終保持房門關閉。任何導致負壓環境失效的行為，例如長時間打開房門，都是嚴重的感染控制違規行為，會使病原體隨空氣傳播，危及其他病患和工作人員的安全。
This question tests the nurse's understanding of and strict adherence to airborne isolation protocols. Airborne isolation is used to prevent transmission of airborne pathogens, such as tuberculosis (TB). The core principle is to house the patient in a negative pressure isolation room to ensure that the air in the room does not escape into the hallway or other areas of the hospital. Therefore, maintaining the integrity of the negative pressure room is essential, including always keeping the door closed. Any action that defeats the negative pressure environment, such as leaving the door open for a prolonged period, is a serious infection control violation that allows the pathogen to be spread by air and endangers other patients and staff.
在台灣和美國，結核病（TB）的空氣隔離原則是完全一致的，都要求將病患安置在負壓隔離病房，並要求醫護人員佩戴N95呼吸器，且病患離開房間時需戴上外科口罩。房門的關閉是維持負壓環境的關鍵，這點在兩地的感控規範中都極為強調。因此，此題所描述的感染控制違規行為，在台灣臨床實務中同樣被視為嚴重的錯誤，需立即糾正。