下列哪些護理措施對預防長期臥床病人的壓傷最有效？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following nursing interventions is most effective in preventing the development of pressure injuries in a bedridden client? (Select all that apply.)
- AReposition the client at least every 2 hours✓ 正解至少每 2 小時為個案翻身
- BMassage reddened bony prominences daily每天按摩發紅的骨突處
- CKeep the skin clean and dry✓ 正解保持皮膚清潔乾燥
- DUse a foam or gel mattress overlay✓ 正解使用泡沫或凝膠床墊覆蓋物
- EApply baby powder to skin folds to reduce friction在皮膚摺皺處塗抹嬰兒爽身粉以減少摩擦
預防壓傷的核心原則包括：定期翻身以減壓（至少兩小時一次）、維持皮膚清潔乾燥以防潮濕浸潤、使用減壓敷料或床墊。B 選項錯誤，按摩發紅的骨突處會導致組織損傷加劇；E 選項錯誤，嬰兒爽身粉會結塊並磨損皮膚。重點在於壓力減輕（Off-loading）與保護皮膚完整性。
Core principles of pressure injury prevention include regular repositioning to relieve pressure (at least every 2 hours), keeping the skin clean and dry to avoid moisture-related breakdown, and using pressure-relieving dressings or mattresses. Option B is wrong: massaging reddened bony prominences can cause additional tissue damage. Option E is wrong: baby powder clumps and abrades the skin. The emphasis is on off-loading pressure and protecting skin integrity.
美國護理照護中對壓傷分級與預防有嚴格的 Braden Scale 評估要求；台灣同樣重視，但翻身紀錄在健保評鑑中更為強調。