護理師正在檢視一位簽署了 DNR（不施行心肺復甦術）病人的照護計畫，應包含哪些適當措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a client with a DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) order. Which intervention is appropriate to include? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister pain medication for comfort✓ 正解給予止痛藥物以維持舒適
- BProvide oxygen for relief of dyspnea✓ 正解提供氧氣以緩解呼吸困難
- CInitiate chest compressions if the pulse is absent若無脈搏則開始胸外按壓
- DPerform endotracheal intubation for respiratory failure因呼吸衰竭進行氣管內插管
- EFacilitate spiritual support and counseling✓ 正解促進靈性支持與諮商
DNR 指令的核心意義是「不施行心肺復甦術」，這包含不進行胸外按壓、電擊、以及不插管（Endotracheal Intubation）。然而，DNR 並不代表「放棄治療」或「不提供照護」。安寧療護（Comfort Care）在此時至關重要。護理重點應放在減輕病人痛苦與維持尊嚴，包括給予止痛藥（A）、利用氧氣緩解呼吸困難（B），以及提供心理或靈性支持（E）。護理師必須清楚區隔緊急復甦與症狀緩解的界線，避免違反病人預立醫療指示。
The essential meaning of a DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) order is "no cardiopulmonary resuscitation," which includes no chest compressions, no defibrillation, and no endotracheal intubation. However, a DNR does not mean "withdrawing treatment" or "providing no care." Comfort care is critical at this time. Nursing priorities should focus on relieving the patient's suffering and maintaining dignity, including administering analgesics (A), using oxygen to relieve dyspnea (B), and providing psychological or spiritual support (E). Nurses must clearly distinguish the boundary between emergency resuscitation and symptom relief, and must avoid violating the patient's advance directive.
美國的 DNR 指令通常細分為 DNI (Do Not Intubate) 等，法律層次極高；台灣則常與《病人自主權利法》或《安寧緩和醫療條例》結合，實務上對於「急救」的定義需與家屬多次確認。